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What is an antigen?

  1. A hormone that regulates skin oil

  2. A substance that triggers an immune response

  3. A type of skin infection

  4. A chemical used in chemical peels

The correct answer is: A substance that triggers an immune response

An antigen is defined as a substance that triggers an immune response in the body. Antigens can be derived from pathogens like bacteria and viruses, as well as non-infectious substances like pollen or certain foods. When the immune system recognizes an antigen, it responds by producing antibodies, which specifically target and neutralize the antigen. This process is crucial for maintaining the body’s defense against infections and diseases. The other options mention hormones, skin infections, and chemicals used in esthetic procedures, which do not align with the definition and role of an antigen in the immune system. Understanding the concept of antigens is fundamental for estheticians, as they may encounter a variety of skin conditions related to immune responses and allergies.